{"id":504,"date":"2021-03-05T17:33:30","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T16:33:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/?page_id=504"},"modified":"2021-04-22T16:19:02","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T14:19:02","slug":"home_2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/CMP-Dictionary\/\">The CMP Dictionary<\/a><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"wpg-list-wrapper wpg-list-wrapper-template-alphabet\"><div class=\"wpg-list-search-form wpg-list-search-form-position-above\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search by Keyword (click on a letter first to activate)...\" value=\"\" \/><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-filter-container\"><div class=\"wpg-list-filter\"><span class=\"wpg-list-filter-row\"><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-a\">A<\/a><a class=\" filter active\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-b\">B<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-c\">C<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-d\">D<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-e\">E<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-f\">F<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-g\">G<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-h\">H<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-i\">I<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-j\">J<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-k\">K<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-l\">L<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-m\">M<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-n\">N<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-o\">O<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-p\">P<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-q\">Q<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-r\">R<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-s\">S<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-t\">T<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-u\">U<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-v\">V<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-w\">W<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-x\">X<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-y\">Y<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-z\">Z<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list wpg-list-template-three-column\"><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-b mix\" data-filter-base=\"b\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">B<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Belt and Road Media Cooperation Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;An ostensibly non-government partnership of global media organizations that directly serves China\u2019s foreign policy and communication goals, the &quot;Belt and Road&quot; Media Cooperation Union was formed in 2016 on the basis of annual media training forums hosted by the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of China\u2019s State Council. The union is operated under the China Intercontinental Communication Center (CICC), a company operated by the State Council Information Office (SCIO) that conducts a wide range of foreign propaganda activities. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/belt-and-road-media-cooperation-union\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/belt-and-road-media-cooperation-union\/\" target=\"_blank\">Belt and Road Media Cooperation Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Big Data Swindling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cBig data swindling,\u201d or (\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6740\u719f), also sometimes translated \u201cbig data backstabbing,\u201d is a form of algorithmic discrimination by which the prices for the same goods and services online are hiked up for existing customers. This form of data-enabled price discrimination has been widely practiced in China in recent years by online shopping platforms, food delivery services, taxi and ride-hailing services, flight and hotel booking platforms and so on. The practice faced new government restrictions in August 2021 with the introduction of the Personal Information Protection Law of the People&#039;s Republic of China. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/big-data-swindling\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/big-data-swindling\/\" target=\"_blank\">Big Data Swindling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-c mix\" data-filter-base=\"c\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">C<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chaoyang Masses&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201cChaoyang Masses,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;chaoyang qunzhong&lt;\/em&gt; (\u671d\u9633\u7fa4\u4f17), is used by Chinese media, local police and internet users to refer to Beijing\u2019s community network of public informants, essentially groups of neighborhood volunteers empowered to monitor their areas for illegal activities as well as breaches of moral and even political norms. While the Chaoyang Masses refers specifically to such volunteer groups within the Beijing district of Chaoyang, the term has gradually come to stand in more generally for such forms of mass mobilization for the public security (political security) objectives of the Chinese Communist Party. Similar district-based \u201ccommunity groups\u201d (\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7) in Beijing include the \u201cOld Neighbours of Shijingshan\u201d (\u77f3\u666f\u5c71\u8001\u8857\u574a), the \u201cXicheng Aunties\u201d (\u897f\u57ce\u5927\u5988) and the \u201cFengtai Advising Squad\u201d (\u4e30\u53f0\u529d\u5bfc\u961f). The growing prevalence of groups like the Chaoyang Masses across China points to deeper changes in the Xi era around the idea of \u201cinnovated\u201d social governance, including the contemporary application of the so-called &quot;Fengqiao experience&quot; (\u67ab\u6865\u7ecf\u9a8c), a Mao-era notion re-introduced by Xi Jinping. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chaoyang-masses\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chaoyang-masses\/\" target=\"_blank\">Chaoyang Masses<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chinese Discourse and Narrative System&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Frequently used in the context of China\u2019s external propaganda aims, this specialized term with roots in Western academic discourse points to a straightforward political goal: redrawing the lines of acceptable global discourse on China in ways that emphasize China&#039;s positive role, that define the centrality of the Chinese Communist Party, and underscore the uniqueness of its civilizational values against those of the West. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chinese-discourse-and-narrative-system\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chinese-discourse-and-narrative-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese Discourse and Narrative System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chinese-style Modernization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cChinese-style modernization,\u201d also referred to in English as the \u201cChinese path to modernization,\u201d is a catchphrase formally introduced by Xi Jinping in early 2021 to encapsulate the political assertion that modernization as pursued by China abides by such principles as the equitable income distribution, peaceful national development, and ecological sustainability that distinguish it from modernization as it unfolded historically in the developed countries of the West. Simultaneously, it makes the political claim that the prerequisite of such modernization is the rule of the CCP. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chinese-style-modernization\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/chinese-style-modernization\/\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese-style Modernization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Society&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article 35 of the Chinese Constitution grants Chinese citizens the right to freedom of assembly and association. The language is strikingly similar to Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which sets the precondition for the development of a civil society comprised of non-governmental organizations. The EU defines as civil society \u201call forms of social action carried out by individuals or groups who are neither connected to, nor managed by, the state\u201d. This independence is not to be found in China, as it would contravene the overarching political maxim that the CCP has absolute leadership over all political and societal affairs, as codified in Article 1 of the Chinese Constitution. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/civil-society\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/civil-society\/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Society<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civilizational State&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The \u201ccivilizational state\u201d is the idea that China is unlike any other ordinary country, but a civilization forced into the restrictive nation-state framework developed in the West. While the notion is generally not found in the official discourse of the Chinese Communist Party, it has been championed by a number of prominent Chinese scholars as a challenge to the \u201cuniversal liberal world order\u201d that according to orthodox Party thought has been imposed by the West, drawing on ideas of an unbroken and unique 5,000-year \u201ccivilizational\u201d history to bolster the legitimacy of the Chinese political system and its aspirations for world leadership.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/civilizational-state\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/civilizational-state\/\" target=\"_blank\">Civilizational State<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Colonized&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201ccolonized,\u201d or zhiren (\u6b96\u4eba), is an epithet often applied by nationalists online in China to attack those who hold opposing views on political and human rights issues. Generally, the term describes individuals who are seen as having been seduced and colonized by Western culture and values, but the term can sometimes also serve as an adjective describing certain subjects as examined through a generalized Western gaze. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/colonized\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/colonized\/\" target=\"_blank\">Colonized<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Prosperity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Common prosperity,\u201d or\u00a0&lt;em&gt;gongtong fuyu&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0(\u5171\u540c\u5bcc\u88d5), is a phrase that has been used by successive generations of Chinese leaders to express the overall goal of economic policy-making in terms that emphasize broad benefits for the people of China, while at the same time legitimizing the specific political agendas pursued by the top leader -- in the process shoring up the legitimacy of their leadership. As such, the content of &quot;common prosperity has changed rather dramatically over the decades, from the push for agricultural breakthroughs in the era of the people&#039;s communes, to Deng Xiaoping&#039;s justification of letting a few get rich first. In the Xi era, the phrase has become synonymous with efforts to curtail excessive wealth, crack down on monopoly behavior, address income inequality, and promote &quot;people-centered development.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/common-prosperity\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/common-prosperity\/\" target=\"_blank\">Common Prosperity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Community of Common Destiny for Mankind&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phrase \u201ccommunity of common destiny for mankind,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;renlei mingyun gongtongti&lt;\/em&gt; (\u4eba\u7c7b\u547d\u8fd0\u5171\u540c\u4f53), is central to the notion of \u201cXi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy\u201d (\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3), the phrase encompassing Chinese foreign policy in the so-called \u201cNew Era.\u201d While the term seems to appeal to a set of shared values and goals as the core of international relations \u2013 and resembles, for example, ideas at the heart of the formation of the European Union \u2013 it is important to note that the phrase incorporates traditional elements of Chinese foreign policy that prioritize a state-centered approach to human rights, while subordinating individual rights to the basic question of national interest. Various translations of the phrase have been introduced, including \u201ccommunity of shared destiny\u201d and \u201ccommunity of shared future,\u201d the latter being a more recent official translation introduced around 2017 to avoid unfavorable associations outside China with expansionist notions of co-prosperity.   &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/community-of-common-destiny-for-mankind\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/community-of-common-destiny-for-mankind\/\" target=\"_blank\">Community of Common Destiny for Mankind<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced by Xi Jinping in 2015 at the Second World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, this term represents China&#039;s framework for international internet governance, advocating for state-led multilateral governance rather than multi-stakeholder approaches \u2014 legitimizing China&#039;s vision of cyber sovereignty and government control of digital development. The concept emphasizes that nations share common digital challenges requiring collaborative solutions while preserving state sovereignty over internet affairs. Key principles under the concept include respecting each nation&#039;s right to govern its internet according to its own laws, promoting shared security, opposing &quot;cyber-hegemonism,&quot; and ensuring digital benefits reach developing nations. China&#039;s leaders present the framework as the country&#039;s own alternative to Western-dominated internet governance models.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/community-of-shared-future-in-cyberspace\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/community-of-shared-future-in-cyberspace\/\" target=\"_blank\">Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Comprehensive Cyber Governance System&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Building a \u201ccomprehensive cyber governance system\u201d is about ensuring that the Chinese Communist Party has the necessary laws and regulations in place governing internet content; that technical systems for internet control, including at digital platforms, are adequate to ensure compliance; and that the CAC has sufficient staffing at all levels nationwide to ensure that the Party\u2019s internet guidelines can be strictly and properly enforced.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/comprehensive-cyber-governance-system\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/comprehensive-cyber-governance-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Comprehensive Cyber Governance System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cooperation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;While in the UN\u2019s discourse on cooperation is understood as a means of pursuing an existing common goal, contemporary Chinese political thought views cooperation as a way to uncover shared interests and build \u201cfriendly relations\u201d based on the principle of \u201cseeking common ground while maintaining differences.\u201d Internally, building shared interests is seen as key to \u201cremoving the obstacles to China&#039;s peaceful development in the world.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/cooperation\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/cooperation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Cooperation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Core&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the context of Chinese political discourse, the word \u201ccore,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;hexin&lt;\/em&gt; (\u6838\u5fc3), is a term with a history spanning decades that aggrandizes the top leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and emphasizes their singular power and legitimacy. The label is not applied casually by party-state media, and when used in official documents and reports by central-level media, points clearly to claims of power by the top leader and their acolytes. Since 2016 the term has been applied on a regular basis to refer to Xi Jinping. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-core\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-core\/\" target=\"_blank\">Core<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-d mix\" data-filter-base=\"d\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">D<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Democracy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the PRC, democracy refers to the Marxist-Leninist system of democratic dictatorship (\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f) and democratic centralism (\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236), in which the CCP is the ultimate representative of the peoples. This political system of \u201csocialist democracy with Chinese characteristics\u201d is explicitly distinguished from Western liberal democracy, which is seen as incompatible with China\u2019s unique conditions. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/democracy\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Democracy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Development&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Euro-American context, \u201cdevelopment\u201d is commonly understood as a multidimensional socio-economic process with political, economic, social, environmental and cultural dimensions. In this regard, the political dimension (in particular, democracy) is seen as essential. The Chinese discourse views \u201cdevelopment\u201d primarily as a process of technology-centered \u201cmodernization.\u201d \u201cEconomic development\u201d by means of investment in transport, energy and digital infrastructure construction, trade-related infrastructure, production capacities and innovative technology is thought to go hand-in-hand with \u201csocial development.\u201d \u201cEconomic and social development\u201d are seen as the necessary precondition for both improving the \u201cpeople\u2019s livelihood\u201d and for \u201cgreen development.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/development\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/development\/\" target=\"_blank\">Development<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dictator&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cDictator\u201d is a deadly-serious accusation to levy against any leader in the PRC, where the ruling Chinese Communist Party insists that its power, however concentrated, is wielded for the good of the people. Conversely, the CCP and state media are quick to use the label against those opposed to its interests, including elected foreign leaders and even imprisoned pro-democracy activists. Within the official discourse of the CCP, being a \u201cdictator\u201d is not really about how much power one wields but rather about whether power is wielded in ways the CCP approves. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/dictator\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/dictator\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dictator<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Digital Hegemony&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cDigital hegemony,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;shuzi baquan&lt;\/em&gt; (\u6570\u5b57\u9738\u6743), is a term used since early in the Xi era to focus criticism on the United States, with the idea that US dominance of cyber technologies and policies threatens a fair and multipolar world in terms of digital rights and sovereignty -- understood strictly through the prerogatives of the powerful state as opposed to individuals and civil society. The term is often used to criticize efforts by the US to influence cyberspace policy internationally, to conduct cyber surveillance, or to contain tech advancements and related policy moves by China. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-hegemony\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-hegemony\/\" target=\"_blank\">Digital Hegemony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Digital Literacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In much of the world, digital literacy centers on giving citizens the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to be safe and empowered in cyberspace. In China, related initiatives are enmeshed with the far more basic goal of ideological and political control.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-literacy\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-literacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Digital Literacy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Digital Silk Road&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Digital Silk Road (DSR) is the technological and cyberspace component of Xi Jinping\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It can be understood as an initiative to fund, develop, implement, and expand China\u2019s technological capabilities abroad, thereby promoting greater PRC sway in the standardization of global digital infrastructure. For this reason, it\u2019s seen by some as one of Beijing\u2019s most contentious projects.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-silk-road\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/digital-silk-road\/\" target=\"_blank\">Digital Silk Road<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discourse Power&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201cdiscourse power,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;huayuquan&lt;\/em&gt; (\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743), today encompasses the broader goal of the Chinese Communist Party to achieve greater influence globally in the setting of economic and political agendas, and in the shaping of global public opinion \u2013 all seen as closely related to China\u2019s comprehensive national power (CNP). The term draws from international normative notions of \u201cdiscursive power\u201d as found in media and political studies, understood as the relative ability of actors in political communication spaces to amplify certain topics and frames and influence policies and political processes. In a contemporary Chinese political context, however, the notion of \u201cdiscourse power\u201d is closely intertwined with the CCP\u2019s historical narrative of power and legitimacy \u2013 the idea that China has suffered reputationally at the hands of the West and its dominance of public opinion, and that the Party can lead an historic return of the Chinese people to cultural and political centrality. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/discourse-power\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/discourse-power\/\" target=\"_blank\">Discourse Power<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of Good Fortune and Disaster&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced in the 1990s by Jiang Zemin as a means of asserting the imperative of Chinese Communist Party control over public opinion through active constraint of media and culture more broadly, this phrase asserts that the CCP\u2019s control of ideas equals prosperity for China while its loss of control equals chaos. It has been applied in varying forms under Jiang\u2019s successors, including by Xi Jinping since 2016.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/doctrine-of-good-fortune-and-disaster\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/doctrine-of-good-fortune-and-disaster\/\" target=\"_blank\">Doctrine of Good Fortune and Disaster<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-e mix\" data-filter-base=\"e\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">E<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Era-ization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;An important phrase used actively by the Chinese Communist Party since 2022 and leading through to Xi Jinping\u2019s unprecedented third term, \u201cera-ization\u201d serves to reinforce Xi\u2019s power by defining him as a crucial modernizer of Marxism for the current era.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/era-ization\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/era-ization\/\" target=\"_blank\">Era-ization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;External Propaganda&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formally emerging during the Yan\u2019an period (1935-1947) as the Chinese Communist Party made its revolutionary base in the northern province of Shaanxi, external propaganda refers to official communication promoting CCP agendas to audiences outside the People\u2019s Republic of China, as distinct from \u201cinternally directed\u201d propaganda for domestic audiences. The concept of external propaganda has been a constant but changing feature of CCP activity over the past century, and has generally sought to build international consensus and \u201cfriendship\u201d to support China\u2019s regional and international agendas. In the 21st century, it has taken on new urgency as the push to raise the country\u2019s \u201cdiscourse power\u201d globally to reach a level of global influence that complements China\u2019s growing comprehensive national power (CNP).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/external-propaganda\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/external-propaganda\/\" target=\"_blank\">External Propaganda<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-f mix\" data-filter-base=\"f\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">F<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fengqiao Experience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A relic of the Mao Zedong era, the \u201cFengqiao experience\u201d refers to a heavily mythologized approach to social and political governance that essentially directed the masses themselves at the local level to carry out the on-site \u201crectification\u201d of so-called \u201creactionary elements\u201d in society. The &quot;Fengqiao experience&quot; was the process of mobilizing the masses in order to \u201cstrengthen the dictatorship over class enemies.\u201d It is named after Fengqiao Township (\u67ab\u6865\u9547), which is today a part of the city of Zhuji in Zhejiang province. Though radically unsuited, many would say, to a contemporary China ostensibly ruled by law under the Constitution, the \u201cFengqiao experience\u201d has made a prominent return under Xi Jinping, entering official language about rule of law and public security.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/fengqiao-experience\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/fengqiao-experience\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fengqiao Experience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Firm Grasps&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First appearing in late October 2022, in the wake of the 20th National Congress of the CCP, the &quot;Five Firm Grasps&quot; are essentially a short list of political priorities to set the direction of the next five years of Xi&#039;s rule. The list is topped with the doctrinaire demand that CCP members fall into line and acknowledge the greatness of the first decade of the Xi era. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-firm-grasps\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-firm-grasps\/\" target=\"_blank\">Five Firm Grasps<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Major Homes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced by Xi Jinping in 2021 but becoming more central to Chinese foreign policy since the second half of 2023, the \u201cFive Major Homes\u201d (\u4e94\u5927\u5bb6\u56ed) concept is part of China&#039;s diplomatic framework for its relations with Southeast Asia. The term is a more folksy label for Xi\u2019s notion of a &quot;community with a shared future for mankind\u201d as it applies to this key strategic region. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-major-homes\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-major-homes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Five Major Homes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;China formulated the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence as a common ground for the Non-Aligned Movement \u2014 nations that declined to take a side in the Cold War rivalry between the US and USSR. Today, China has found renewed use for it in its own rivalry with the US. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-principles-of-peaceful-coexistence\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-principles-of-peaceful-coexistence\/\" target=\"_blank\">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five-in-One&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduced in November 2012 at the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, \u201cFive-in-one\u201d is a catchphrase that defines five key development priorities for \u201ccomprehensive promotion\u201d in China, namely: economic, political, cultural, societal and ecological. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-in-one\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/five-in-one\/\" target=\"_blank\">Five-in-One<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Forum on Global Chinese Media&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Held once every two years, the Forum on Global Chinese Media is a networking event used by the Chinese government to disseminate official Party-state frames and encourage overseas outlets to be more friendly and less critical of China\u2019s interests. It was launched in 2001 by the China News Service (CNS), one of two official wire services in the country. CNS is under the United Front Work Department (UFWD), the powerful agency under the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s Central Committee charged with gathering intelligence and influencing individuals, particularly overseas Chinese, outside the country.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/forum-on-global-chinese-media\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/forum-on-global-chinese-media\/\" target=\"_blank\">Forum on Global Chinese Media<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Four Comprehensives&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The \u201cFour Comprehensives\u201d was a set of political goals laid out by Xi Jinping in 2014 as an ideological directive for governance looking ahead to 2020, the first of which was the \u201cbuilding of a moderately well-off society.\u201d With the formal achievement of the first of the four \u201ccomprehensives\u201d by last quarter of 2020, which became the focus of Party-state propaganda, the formula was changed during the CCP&#039;s Fifth Plenum in October 2020.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/four-comprehensives\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/four-comprehensives\/\" target=\"_blank\">Four Comprehensives<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Freedom of Speech&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article 35 of China\u2019s Constitution states that \u201c[c]itizens of the People&#039;s Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration.\u201d Formally speaking, this language seems to accord with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which states: \u201cEveryone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.\u201d In practice, however, the ruling Chinese Communist Party places substantial restrictions on the exercise of freedom of speech, which is regarded as potentially destabilizing to the regime.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/freedom-of-speech\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/freedom-of-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\">Freedom of Speech<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-g mix\" data-filter-base=\"g\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">G<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Global Chinese Media Cooperative Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Global Chinese Media Cooperative Union (GCMCU) is presented publicly by China as a global cooperative organization comprising more than 300 Chinese-language media from six continents, all participating on a voluntary basis. However, the organization is operated by the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s United Front Work Department (UFWD) through China News Service (CNS), one of two official wire services in the country. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/global-chinese-media-cooperative-union\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/global-chinese-media-cooperative-union\/\" target=\"_blank\">Global Chinese Media Cooperative Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Going Into Battle Lightly Equipped&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cGoing into battle lightly equipped\u201d is a metaphor frequently employed by Hong Kong\u2019s political leaders and state media in the lead-up to new national security legislation known as Article 23 in early 2024. It represents the promise that further curbs on local freedoms will empower authorities to revitalize the territory\u2019s anemic economy, which has been on the ropes since the national security crackdown began in 2020.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/going-into-battle-lightly-equipped\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/going-into-battle-lightly-equipped\/\" target=\"_blank\">Going Into Battle Lightly Equipped<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Good Governance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201cgood governance\u201d (\u5584\u6cbb), first mentioned in a high-level party document in 2014, is firmly established today in the political vernacular. The focus in Party-State discourse is on the efficient provision of public services, and on combating corruption and abuse of power within the CCP, as well as establishing law-based governance. The primary objectives are to increase prosperity and safeguard collective rights, most importantly public order and security, rather than the institutionalized political participation of independent non-governmental actors and citizens. Increased monitoring by digital means and laws and regulations that severely restrict individual liberties are regularly characterized as good governance. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/good-governance\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/good-governance\/\" target=\"_blank\">Good Governance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Great Era&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since 2018, Chinese state media have pushed the idea that the country, under the leadership of Xi Jinping, has entered a &quot;Great Era.&quot; Used under Mao Zedong \u2014 but also even before the CCP came to power in China \u2014 the term has often been a coded demand for unquestioning loyalty and uncomplaining perseverance in the face of clear and present challenges that only a strongman can face. And history teaches that behind its facade, there has often been calamity. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/great-era\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/great-era\/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Era<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Green Waters and Green Mountains&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lengthy phrase &quot;green waters and green mountains are gold mountains and silver mountains&quot; was first introduced by Xi Jinping during an official visit to Kazakhstan on September 7, 2013, during which he gave a speech at Nazarbayev University and answered questions from students about environmental protection. This was Xi Jinping\u2019s more colorful way of saying that while economic development is a priority, the environment cannot be sacrificed for the sake of growth. The phrase was strongly touted in propaganda in 2020 as a major innovation by Xi Jinping of environmental and economic policy. In fact, the phrase was not coined by Xi at all.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/green-waters-and-green-mountains\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/green-waters-and-green-mountains\/\" target=\"_blank\">Green Waters and Green Mountains<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grid Based Management&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cGrid-based management,\u201d or \u201cgridded management,\u201d  is an administrative reform that divides the urban communities in China into discrete management units under a concept of unified urban management that relies both on the mobilization of human \u201cgrid managers\u201d (who monitor and report within the community) and on digital technology platforms that enable widespread surveillance and analysis of information. In the simplest sense, \u201cgrid-based management\u201d is the digitising (\u6570\u5b57\u5316) and informationalizing (\u4fe1\u606f\u5316) of city management at the neighbourhood and community levels on the premise that Chinese society is a threat to itself.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/grid-based-management\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/grid-based-management\/\" target=\"_blank\">Grid Based Management<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Guidance of Public Opinion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This term, which remains a crucial phrase in the CCP\u2019s vocabulary on press and information control in China today \u2013 in an era of rapidly developing digital communications \u2013 first appeared in official Party criticisms of former Party secretary Zhao Ziyang (\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633) following the brutal crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing on June 4, 1989. The essential idea behind the term is that media control is essential to preserving regime stability, based on the leadership\u2019s understanding that failed press policy during protests that spring led to support in the Party-run media for the goals of the students, accelerating the \u201cchaos.\u201d &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/guidance-of-public-opinion\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/guidance-of-public-opinion\/\" target=\"_blank\">Guidance of Public Opinion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-h mix\" data-filter-base=\"h\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">H<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Harmonious Society&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduced by Hu Jintao in 2004 as a concept responding to rising social discontent and meant to convey the idea of resolving &quot;contradictions&quot; among various groups and classes, as well as creating more sustainable forms of development, the notion of a &quot;harmonious society&quot; has now become synonymous with suppression of people&#039;s voices in the name of social order. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/harmonious-society\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/harmonious-society\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harmonious Society<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;High-Level Black&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In common parlance, the phrase \u201chigh-level black,\u201d or gaojihei, refers to the act of using humorous language to criticize and satirize, or to offered exaggerated praise on the surface in what is actually an act of criticism. It is not unlike the proverbial \u201csmile that hides a dagger\u201d (\u7b11\u91cc\u85cf\u5200). The term, which originated on the internet, was elevated to a formal concern for the Chinese Communist Party in 2019, in a high-level document that warned against various forms of cloaked criticism within the Party.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/high-level-black\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/high-level-black\/\" target=\"_blank\">High-Level Black<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hostile Forces&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broadly speaking, the term \u201chostile forces\u201d or &lt;em&gt;didui shili&lt;\/em&gt; (\u654c\u5bf9\u52bf\u529b), is used by the Chinese Communist Party to describe perceived external threats to political stability and the integrity of the regime. But it can also point to perceived internal threats \u2013 and serve to broad-brush these threats, including dissent, as being somehow extrinsic to the system. While the term has a history of being used in political discourse to signal alertness to threats in foreign and domestic affairs, it often involves the exploitation of allegations of foreign threat to justify the political persecution of opponents at home.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hostile-forces\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hostile-forces\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hostile Forces<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Rights&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Human rights are rights intrinsic to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1948 as a \u201ccommon standard of achievement for all peoples and nations.\u201d China maintains, however, that sovereignty and non-interference trump the notion of universal human rights. Instead China considers human rights to be a country\u2019s \u201cinternal affairs\u201d rather than a legitimate concern of the international community. China promotes a state-centric and relativist conception of human rights \u201cwith Chinese characteristics\u201d, according to which stability, harmony, subsistence and economic development take precedence over human rights, especially civil and political rights.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/human-rights\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/human-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hundred Model War&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This term conveys the idea that China\u2019s push for global dominance in generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be served by a diverse universe of competing foundation models \u2014 applications trained on broad data that can be fine-tuned for downstream tasks. For some, the reference to a hundred models is reminiscent of mythologized campaigns of China\u2019s revolutionary and political past, such as the \u201cHundred Regiments Offensive\u201d of the 1940s. This approach has been enthusiastically promoted by state media since 2023, but has been challenged by some tech experts as redundant and wasteful. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hundred-model-war\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hundred-model-war\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hundred Model War<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hyping&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past few decades, references to \u201chyping\u201d (\u7092\u4f5c) in China\u2019s official discourse have been central to attacks against negative reporting from international media \u2014 and particularly US and Western media \u2014 that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regards as a challenge to its political reputation and legitimacy.\u00a0The term can also be used to broadly target critical discussion on the internet and social media inside China, linking such chatter to alleged foreign plots by nebulous &quot;hostile forces.&quot; &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hyping\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/hyping\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hyping<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-i mix\" data-filter-base=\"i\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">I<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ideological and Political Education&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cIdeological and political education,\u201d or &lt;em&gt;sixiang zhengzhi jiaoyu&lt;\/em&gt; (\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2), often shortened as sizheng (\u601d\u653f), is a subject taught in high schools and universities in China as part of the country\u2019s Patriotic Education Campaign (\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2) since the early 1990s. While modules for \u201ccivic education\u201d (\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2) exist in other countries, these focus on the preparation and empowerment of citizens to participate in democratic processes. The focus of &lt;em&gt;sizheng&lt;\/em&gt; is quite different \u2013 ensuring that students\u2019 ideas align with the political line, values and discipline of the Chinese Communist Party. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/ideological-and-political-education\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/ideological-and-political-education\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ideological and Political Education<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Important Instructions&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Though perhaps sounding in English and other languages like a reference to a simple act of decision-making on a key issue, this phrase in fact denotes a specific decision-making act at the highest levels of the Chinese Communist Party.  Through much of the reform period, the term has overlapped with another frequently seen term, to \u201cgive written comments,\u201d or pishi (\u6279\u793a). In the Xi Jinping era, however, \u201cimportant instructions\u201d and \u201cwritten comments\u201d have become distinct acts, pointing to the changing dynamics of power in China today. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/important-instructions\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/important-instructions\/\" target=\"_blank\">Important Instructions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-k mix\" data-filter-base=\"k\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">K<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Keyboard Warrior&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;For nearly a decade, the term \u201ckeyboard warrior,\u201d or ji\u00e0np\u00e1nxi\u00e1 (\u952e\u76d8\u4fa0), has referred in China to people who use their computer keyboards (or their mobile screens) as weapons to make abusive or aggressive online posts on various social or political issues without revealing their real identities. The term has often been used by state media to criticize those who speak up online without acting with a sense of justice when facing real-life situations, as well as those who, even by voicing legitimate criticisms, are seen to unfairly criticize the Party-state. Contrasting with the domestic associations of the \u201ckeyboard warrior\u201d in China, the term has come to refer outside the country, including in Western media reports, to online Chinese nationalists who patrol social media platforms to uncover instances of what they regard as unpatriotic comments or behaviour, often from celebrities, public intellectuals or foreign companies and brands.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/keyboard-warrior\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/keyboard-warrior\/\" target=\"_blank\">Keyboard Warrior<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-l mix\" data-filter-base=\"l\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">L<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Literary Inquisition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Literary inquisition&quot; is a practice rooted in imperial China whereby authorities persecute scholars, writers, and officials for content deemed subversive or disloyal to the ruling power. While officially condemned by the Chinese Communist Party as a relic of feudalism, the spirit of literary inquisition persists in the CCP&#039;s own suppression of dissent. The term has gained new relevance as Beijing deploys it rhetorically against Taiwan&#039;s government.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/literary-inquisition\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/literary-inquisition\/\" target=\"_blank\">Literary Inquisition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Long-Distance Resistance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The latest bogeyman invoked by pro-establishment thought-leaders in Hong Kong, \u201clong-distance resistance\u201d refers to any activism carried out by Hong Kong people beyond the city\u2019s borders \u2014 framing what was once normal political engagement as an imminent national security threat.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/long-distance-resistance\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/long-distance-resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\">Long-Distance Resistance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Low-Level Red&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cLow-level red,\u201d or &lt;i&gt;dijihong&lt;\/i&gt;, which originated on China\u2019s internet over the past decade, now refers in official CCP parlance to language or conduct that is intended to praise the Party or government, but which ultimately has the opposite effect because it is patently false, cheap, or ill-considered. Internet users in China may refer to cheap displays of nationalism or pro-Party feeling as \u201clow-level red.\u201d In a 2019 policy document, the Party\u2019s Central Committee warned against \u201clow-level red\u201d as well as satirical language and \u201cfalse reverence,\u201d suggesting it is sensitive to the implications of overwrought praise as much as unwelcome criticism.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/low-level-red\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/low-level-red\/\" target=\"_blank\">Low-Level Red<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lying Flat&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cLying Flat,\u201d or tangping, is an online meme that arose in April 2021 as an informal social movement in China urging young workers and professionals, including the middle-class Chinese who are to be the engine of Xi Jinping\u2019s domestic boom, to reject social pressure to achieve success in the workplace or fulfillment through consumerism. The term has met with staunch resistance since its inception from the Chinese leadership, which regards its lay-down attitude as a threat to the push for economic development. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/lying-flat\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/lying-flat\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lying Flat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-m mix\" data-filter-base=\"m\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">M<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Main Melody&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201cmain melody,\u201d or zhu xuanl\u00fc (\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b), is frequently found in contemporary Chinese Communist Party discourse to describe activity in the cultural sphere, including media and journalism, that sticks to the main political line of the CCP. Emerging in the 1980s to refer to developments in film, the phrase can now refer more generally to the need to ensure the Party\u2019s voice is dominant in media and the arts, and leads the chorus. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/main-melody\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/main-melody\/\" target=\"_blank\">Main Melody<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mainstream&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;While the word &quot;mainstream&quot; generally refers in a global context to ideas or attitudes that are regarded as normal or conventional in a given society, the word  \u201cmainstream,\u201d or zhuliu (\u4e3b\u6d41), refers in the PRC context not just to generally accepted views but to the consensus political view as determined by the CCP and by Party-state media. Forming the mainstream is a key objective for the leadership.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/mainstream\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/mainstream\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mainstream<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Marxist View of Journalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The \u201cMarxist View of Journalism,\u201d or \u201cMarxist Concept of the News,\u201d is a shifting set of ideas that prescribe and justify the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s dominance of the news media and application of controls on information \u2014 and in particular, define the practice of journalism in China as distinct from journalism as practiced in the West, including the notion of the press as a fourth estate. The concept is at the heart of the training and licensing in China of working journalists. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/marxist-view-of-journalism\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/marxist-view-of-journalism\/\" target=\"_blank\">Marxist View of Journalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Media Convergence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broadly speaking, media convergence in any context is about the integration of information and communications technologies, various forms of media content, and computer networks \u2013 for which some scholars now use the shorthand \u201cThree C\u2019s\u201d (communication, computing and content). In the context of China\u2019s media environment, however, media convergence also has a strong political component, and refers to the harnessing of the digital media revolution to serve and preserve the political dominance of the Chinese Communist Party. Top officials have referred to media convergence as a \u201cnational strategy.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/media-convergence\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/media-convergence\/\" target=\"_blank\">Media Convergence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ministry of Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cMinistry of Truth\u201d is a relatively sensitive phrase used online in China, referencing the department described in George Orwell&#039;s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four tasked with policing language and thought, to holistically describe the entire system of information controls. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/covid-19-and-covid-19\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/covid-19-and-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ministry of Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modernization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A globally shared view holds modernity as closely linked to progress. Modernisation is the process of development from a \u201cpre-modern\u201d or \u201ctraditional\u201d to a \u201cmodern\u201d society. In Western thought, modernization has been associated not only with technological advancement but also with secularization, democratization, and advancement of human rights. It is intimately linked to the ideas of enlightenment and rationality. According to the CCP, however, modernization includes the advancement of industry, agriculture, defense, and science and technology \u2014 while precluding political liberalization or democracy. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/modernization\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/modernization\/\" target=\"_blank\">Modernization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mouthpiece&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reference to the media as a \u201cmouthpiece\u201d (\u5589\u820c) is not a slight against propaganda media as some may assume, but a term long used by the Chinese Communist Party itself to describe the role of the media. Translating literally to \u201cthroat and tongue,\u201d the term defines the media\u2019s role as faithfully projecting the voice of the Party, and accurately reflecting and publicizing the CCP&#039;s ideas, principles, and policies.  &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/mouthpiece\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/mouthpiece\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mouthpiece<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Multilateralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Chinese government, in particular in its English-language communications, frequently highlights China\u2019s commitment to \u201cmultilateralism,&quot; citing the BRI as an example and stating that \u201cmore than 160 countries and international organizations have signed BRI cooperation documents with China.\u201d Internally, however, China\u2019s leaders describe the existing rule-based multilateral system as not \u201cfair and just,\u201d but as \u201csafeguarding the narrow interests of a group.\u201d The BRI, in turn, is presented as an alternative, \u201cjoint consultation\u201d-based \u201cMultilateralism with Chinese Characteristics,&quot; where interaction with other countries is based not on universally binding rules for international cooperation but on bilateral agreements. China\u2019s vision of multilateralism is hence rather a \u201cmulti-bilateralism.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/multilateralism\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/multilateralism\/\" target=\"_blank\">Multilateralism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-n mix\" data-filter-base=\"n\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">N<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Naked Official&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;naked official&quot; or, &lt;i&gt;luoti guanyuan&lt;\/i&gt;, is a popular term referring to Party or government officials whose immediate family members live overseas as permanent residents, or have already become foreign nationals. In many cases, such officials are (or are suspected of) stashing the ill-gotten gains of official corruption in China in overseas accounts or businesses \u2013 and preparing to eventually leave China. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/naked-official\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/naked-official\/\" target=\"_blank\">Naked Official<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Form of Human Civilization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced in 2021, this phrase plays a key role in framing the power and legitimacy of General Secretary Xi Jinping during his unprecedented third term. It is the claim that Xi\u2019s China has achieved a civilizational renaissance through a set of new ideas on governance and development and that the resulting new form \u2014 closely tied to another buzzword, &quot;Chinese-style modernization&quot; \u2014 combines ancient Chinese civilizational elements with an adaptive new Marxist modernity. Xi\u2019s \u201cnew form of human civilization,\u201d CCP scholars say, has surpassed modern Western civilization and traditional socialist civilization, presenting the world (and particularly the Global South) with a new aspirational model. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/new-form-of-human-civilization\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/new-form-of-human-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\">New Form of Human Civilization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nine Withs (Nine Requirements)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced by Xi Jinping at the third session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 8, 2024, these nine principles are meant to encapsulate the basic means toward \u201cself-revolution within the Party\u201d (\u515a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u9769\u547d), a phrase closely linked with the fight against corruption, but ultimately exposing Xi\u2019s anti-corruption efforts as fundamentally about the preservation of his personal power \u2014 in the absence of real public scrutiny.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/nine-withs-nine-requirements\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/nine-withs-nine-requirements\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nine Withs (Nine Requirements)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Not Forgetting the Original Intention&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phrase \u201cnot forgetting the original intention,\u201d first raised by Xi Jinping during his July 1, 2016, speech to commemorate the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, could also be translated \u201cstaying true to our original aspiration.\u201d The phrase conveys the idea that the original aspiration and founding mission of the Party, and its source of legitimacy, is to work for the happiness and well-being of the Chinese people and the rejuvenation of China. The term, which rose to greater prominence following its inclusion in Xi\u2019s political report to the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in October 2017, can also refer to the need for a clean and uncorrupt Party, and has frequently been cited as a work requirement for cadres. Appearing alongside other terms denoting Xi&#039;s power and dominance, the phrase suggest Xi is the ultimate keeper of the Party&#039;s mission and intention. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/not-forgetting-the-original-intention\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/not-forgetting-the-original-intention\/\" target=\"_blank\">Not Forgetting the Original Intention<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-o mix\" data-filter-base=\"o\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">O<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Objectivity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the Chinese leadership, journalistic objectivity hinges on the capacity of media to reflect the strength and legitimacy of the system as led by the Communist Party. Reports that are critical of China or the Chinese government, regardless of their factual basis, may be considered as lacking in objectivity and fairness.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/objectivity\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/objectivity\/\" target=\"_blank\">Objectivity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Offering Advice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word f\u00e8ngqu\u00e0n (\u5949\u529d) essentially means today \u201cto offer a bit of advice,\u201d or to \u201cadvise.\u201d The tone, however, is far from constructive or consultative. It is meant to be withering, and it has come to be used by PRC diplomats under Xi Jinping in the context of criticisms of China overseas, as when the Ministry of Foreign Affairs fought back against suggestions in 2020 that China was negligent in its early handling of the outbreak of Covid-19. The term, which was frequently used in the decades after the founding of the PRC under Mao Zedong, was seldom used in the 1990s and 2000s, as foreign policy emphasized the idea of \u201cconcealing strengths and biding time\u201d (\u97ec\u5149\u517b\u6666). Its return in Xi Jinping&#039;s so-called &quot;new era&quot; is perhaps another sign of the times.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/offering-advice\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/offering-advice\/\" target=\"_blank\">Offering Advice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Friends of the Chinese People&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This term, first emerging under Mao Zedong in the 1950s, is frequently used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to pay tribute to foreigners seen as having been amiable to China, and beneficial to the interests of the Party.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/old-friends-of-the-chinese-people\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/old-friends-of-the-chinese-people\/\" target=\"_blank\">Old Friends of the Chinese People<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;One Institution with Two Names&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cOne institution with two names\u201d describes the frequent practice in China of giving a single Party-state body, such as a government ministry, bureau, or work unit, two distinct names. This practice is often used to distinguish in principle (if not in practice) between the work of the Party and the work of the state, or to avoid negative perceptions audiences outside China might have of the body\u2019s work if it is clearly affiliated with the CCP.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/one-institution-with-two-names\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/one-institution-with-two-names\/\" target=\"_blank\">One Institution with Two Names<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-p mix\" data-filter-base=\"p\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">P<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Party Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cParty spirit,\u201d or dangxing (\u515a\u6027), is a Chinese translation of a Russian term from Marxism-Leninism that has been transliterated as \u201cPartiinost,\u201d and would generally be translated into English as \u201cparty-mindedness,\u201d \u201cpartisanship\u201d or \u201cpartyness.\u201d The term is widely used today in the sphere of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) discourse, where its core meaning concerns adherence to the \u201ccorrect\u201d political direction, aligned with the Party\u2019s priorities, and standing firmly with its ideology, lines and policies. Assertions of \u201cparty spirit\u201d are generally iterated when the concern is to protect the regime and the position of the CCP. Under Xi Jinping, it has returned as a term of importance also in emphasizing CCP controls on information. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/party-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/party-spirit\/\" target=\"_blank\">Party Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cThe love for peace is in the DNA of the Chinese people,\u201d Xi Jinping, General Secretary of China\u2019s Communist Party, has repeatedly asserted. This narrative, proclaiming that its subjects are harmonious, non-violent and benevolent by nature, rhymes well with the Party\u2019s conviction that it is always morally correct. Moreover, the Chinese leadership\u2019s notion of peace involves social stability, \u201charmony\u201d, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit \u2013 but also the absence of interventionism and colonialism. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/peace\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/peace\/\" target=\"_blank\">Peace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;People&#8217;s Leader&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201cpeople\u2019s leader\u201d (\u4eba\u6c11\u9886\u8896) is a rare title of praise in China\u2019s political discourse, reminiscent of the personality cult that prevailed during the Mao Zedong era. The term was used for a wider range of leaders through the 1940s, including \u201cpeople\u2019s leader Mao Zedong\u201d (\u4eba\u6c11\u9886\u8896\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c), \u201cSoviet people\u2019s leader Stalin\u201d (\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6c11\u9886\u8896\u65af\u5927\u6797) and \u201cVietnamese people&#039;s leader Ho Chi Minh\u201d (\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u9886\u8896\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e). But after 1949 the phrase came to be used increasingly for Mao alone. In the reform era after 1978, \u201cpeople\u2019s leader\u201d was used only as a historical reference to Mao Zedong. This pattern, however, has changed under Xi Jinping as he has increasingly concentrated power around himself.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/peoples-leader\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/peoples-leader\/\" target=\"_blank\">People&#8217;s Leader<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Petitioning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petitioning, or xinfang (\u4fe1\u8bbf), which literally translates as \u201cletters and visits,\u201d is a system dating back under the Chinese Communist Party to 1949 that essentially allows Chinese to lodge complaints with the government and seek redress for wrongs, flaws and inefficiencies. The practice has much deeper roots as well within China\u2019s dynastic history, when it took various forms. In early 2022, the government introduced an amended &lt;em&gt;Regulation on Complaints and Letters&lt;\/em&gt; (\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4f8b) that pledged to \u201cimprove the quality and efficiency of handling initial letters and visits,\u201d but also vowed to deal with \u201ccross-level petitioning\u201d (\u8d8a\u7ea7\u4e0a\u8bbf), raising the question of whether complaints from citizens might become mired in the local jurisdictions that originated their problems. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/petitioning\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/petitioning\/\" target=\"_blank\">Petitioning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Picking Quarrels and Provoking Trouble&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This criminal charge, as provided in Article 293 of the PRC Criminal Code, has historical roots in the notorious Mao-era crime of &#039;hooliganism&#039; (\u6d41\u6c13\u7f6a). It is now broadly and arbitrarily applied in China to suppress speech and behaviors perceived by the authorities as threats to the political and social order. Since Xi Jinping came to power in late 2012, this charge has been applied expansively. It is not limited to targeting rights defense actions like petitioning and organized protests; rather, it encompasses a much wider range of public discussions on topics that were previously not considered politically sensitive.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/picking-quarrels-and-provoking-trouble\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/picking-quarrels-and-provoking-trouble\/\" target=\"_blank\">Picking Quarrels and Provoking Trouble<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pilot at the Helm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;To this day, PRC founder Mao Zedong remains the only &quot;Great Helmsman&quot; (\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8235\u624b) in Chinese history \u2014 but these days President Xi Jinping&#039;s hands are just as firmly steering the ship of state. While\u00a0has yet to claim the title for himself, though, he has embraced an approximation: the &quot;Pilot at the Helm&quot; (\u638c\u8235\u9886\u822a). The phrase is meant to signal Xi&#039;s power at the top of the Party, and rationalize his rule as a historical necessity.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/pilot-at-the-helm\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/pilot-at-the-helm\/\" target=\"_blank\">Pilot at the Helm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Polar Silk Road&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First proposed by Xi Jinping in 2017 and formalized in China&#039;s 2018 Arctic Policy white paper, the &quot;Polar Silk Road&quot; (\u51b0\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def) is China&#039;s framework for Arctic engagement, extending Xi Jinping&#039;s signature Belt and Road Initiative concept into polar waters. Centered on the Northeast Passage shipping route along Russia&#039;s northern coast, it positions China as a &quot;near-Arctic state&quot; with legitimate interests in Arctic shipping, resource development, and governance. The term has become a focal point of geopolitical tension as melting ice opens economic possibilities while raising Western security concerns.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/polar-silk-road\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/polar-silk-road\/\" target=\"_blank\">Polar Silk Road<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Political Depression&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past two decades, the word \u201cpolitical depression\u201d has denoted in the United States and elsewhere in the West a potentially clinical condition that can arise from the dysfunctionality of society and its politics, and the sense of a loss of control over one\u2019s destiny. The term in Chinese has trended during the pandemic in China, and particularly in 2022, as frustration has grown over the interruption of life through constant lockdowns, and the unpredictability and frequent abuse of power arising from Xi Jinping\u2019s uncompromising \u201czero Covid\u201d policy. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/political-depression\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/political-depression\/\" target=\"_blank\">Political Depression<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Politicians Run the Newspapers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First raised by Mao Zedong in 1957 as he asserted his personal power over the media as a means of consolidating political power, this concept remains core in the Xi Jinping era to the notion that the Party must have direct control over traditional and digital media outlets to avoid challenges to the CCP-led regime. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/politicians-run-the-newspapers\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/politicians-run-the-newspapers\/\" target=\"_blank\">Politicians Run the Newspapers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Positive Energy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cPositive energy\u201d has been an important phrase in the Xi Jinping era to refer to information controls and official messaging, both domestically and internationally. The term generally refers to the need for uplifting messages as opposed to critical or negative ones \u2013 and particularly the need for content that puts the Party and government in a positive light. Although the term began appearing in various contexts in 2012, it was given a much larger profile at the Central Forum on Arts and Literature in October 2013. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/positive-energy\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/positive-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Positive Energy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proletarian Revolutionary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Soviet Union and elsewhere in the communist world, the term &quot;proletarian revolutionaries&quot; generally referred to important leaders of the Party and government who emerged at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century as proponents of Marxism-Leninism and were engaged in revolutionary work. Use of the term within the CCP was generally high praise of political leaders at home and abroad as well as key thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Rarely used today, the term was applied briefly to Xi Jinping in 2020, but was soon deleted.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/proletarian-revolutionary\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/proletarian-revolutionary\/\" target=\"_blank\">Proletarian Revolutionary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Public Diplomacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;From its modern origins in the 1960s, the notion of \u201cpublic diplomacy&quot;, which broadly involves the cultivation by governments of public opinion in other countries and intercultural communications, was meant to distinguish government-led international public relations efforts from the distasteful notion of propaganda. The trend in China in the reform era, and particularly since the 1990s, has likewise been to distance international public relations from so-called &quot;external propaganda,&quot; a mainstay of the Chinese Communist Party since the founding of the PRC. Since 2013, however, the re-centralization of CCP power under Xi Jinping and a renewed emphasis on ideological conformity have reinvigorated the focus on &quot;external propaganda&quot; around the conviction that state media and even quasi-private actors must work internationally to &quot;tell China&#039;s story well&quot; (\u8bb2\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6545\u4e8b), thus enhancing the country&#039;s &quot;international discourse power&quot; (\u56fd\u9645\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743) as a key aspect of its &quot;comprehensive national power&quot; (\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u529b).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/public-diplomacy\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/public-diplomacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Public Diplomacy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-r mix\" data-filter-base=\"r\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">R<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Radical Feminist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Radical feminist&quot; is a term of derision hurled at Chinese women who dare to stand up and raise their voices, challenging social mores and traditional definitions of their role and value. The term, which can also be used by state media to suggest that assertions of women&#039;s rights are divisive, implies that women&#039;s expectations for equality are not only unreasonable but a dire threat to social cohesion \u2014 and perhaps even Party power.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/radical-feminist\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/radical-feminist\/\" target=\"_blank\">Radical Feminist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Red Country&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Maoist legacy from the period of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), this phrase encapsulates the call for the Chinese Communist Party to adhere ideologically to the early principles that, according to CCP historiography, led to revolutionary victory and the establishment of the People\u2019s Republic of China. The phrase was only rarely used during the first three decades of reform and opening but has soared under Xi Jinping \u2014 one of a number of terms that underscore the sharp ideological turn under the current CCP leadership.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/red-country\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/red-country\/\" target=\"_blank\">Red Country<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Red Genes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;red genes,&quot; or hongse jiyin (\u7ea2\u8272\u57fa\u56e0), refers to the revolutionary spirit and history of the Chinese Communist Party as a kind of political and cultural inheritance, the celebration of which is a means of consolidating the Party\u2019s position within the national identity and thereby constructing the legitimacy of the CCP regime. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/red-genes\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/red-genes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Red Genes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revenge Society&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term \u201crevenge society,\u201d or \u201crevenge against society,\u201d is used in China to refer to acts of violence against innocent civilians committed in blind desperation by those on the bottom rung of society to protest social and political injustices for which there seems no recourse. Emerging online in the early 2000s, the term has been applied in both mainstream (CCP-led) news coverage and online discourse to random attacks on unsuspecting victims, generally in cases where the perpetrators are thought to have disadvantaged and precarious positions economically and socially. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/revenge-society\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/revenge-society\/\" target=\"_blank\">Revenge Society<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rule of Law&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Chinese Communist Party\u2019s conception of the rule of law \u2013 fazhi (\u6cd5\u6cbb) or yifa zhiguo (\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd), which literally means \u201claw-based governance\u201d or ruling the country in accordance with the law \u2013 has very little in common with the liberal democratic concept. In China\u2019s \u201csocialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics\u201d the legal system is under the Party\u2019s leadership and supervision. The CCP ultimately sees the law as a tool to ensure stability and order, as well as being a means to justify and maintain Party rule. Arguably, fazhi is so different from the international principle of rule of law that it should perhaps not be translated as \u201crule of law\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/rule-of-law\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/rule-of-law\/\" target=\"_blank\">Rule of Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Runology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;An online neologism that became popular in April 2022, &quot;Runology&quot; (\u6da6\u5b66) derives from the English verb &quot;run,&quot; identical to the pinyin form of the Chinese term&#039;s first character (\u6da6). Essentially, it is the study of how to emigrate, or &quot;run&quot; overseas. \u201cRunology\u201d is largely a response to worsening conditions in China, in particular for young people, as the economy falters. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/runology\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/runology\/\" target=\"_blank\">Runology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-s mix\" data-filter-base=\"s\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">S<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scaling the Wall&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Scaling the Wall&quot; is a slang phrase used since the 2000s in China to describe the act of domestic internet users bypassing government restrictions on foreign websites and content imposed by the system of technical and human controls known collectively as the \u201cGreat Firewall.\u201d Domestic web controls prevent access to content regarded by the authorities as harmful to users\u2014but more importantly, to the regime itself. Therefore, using technical means such as VPNs to access the global internet has been likened to climbing over the wall.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/scaling-the-wall\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/scaling-the-wall\/\" target=\"_blank\">Scaling the Wall<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Science&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;While international definitions of science center on the study of the physical world through unbiased observations and verifiable experimentation, the word \u201cscience\u201d has complex, multi-layered meanings within the context of Chinese Communist Party discourse. On the one hand, science as a discipline systematically studying the natural world has been regarded as a crucial contributor to national development, driving economic growth and self-reliance. On the other hand, notions of science have been interwoven with political claims to truth as a source of political power. From the time of Mao, with inspiration from the Soviet Union, politics and science have been bedfellows.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/science\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/science\/\" target=\"_blank\">Science<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second-Generation Reds&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;second-generation reds,&quot; or hong er&#039;dai (\u7ea2\u4e8c\u4ee3), refers to the sons and daughters of Chinese political elites (\u9ad8\u5e72\u5b50\u5f1f) who born in the 1960s and early 1970s \u2013before the end of the Cultural Revolution) and were weaned on the politics and ideology of Mao Zedong (\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c). Many \u201csecond-generation reds\u201d hold positions in high office today, the most prominent being the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping (\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/second-generation-reds\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/second-generation-reds\/\" target=\"_blank\">Second-Generation Reds<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Security&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;For China, national security and state security are synonyms (both are translated as \u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168), meaning that the two English terms can be used interchangeably. State security refers to the consolidation of the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s ruling position and to its protection from domestic and foreign threats. As such, threats to state security are perceived by the Party as existential in nature. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/security\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/security\/\" target=\"_blank\">Security<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seeking Progress in Stability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First raised within the Chinese Communist Party in the early 1990s, in the period of retrenchment and isolation that followed the brutal crackdown in Beijing in 1989, \u201cseeking progress in stability\u201d has come in the Xi era to focus and encompass the idea that China must proceed cautiously with economic development in the midst of persistent domestic and global uncertainties. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seeking-progress-in-stability\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seeking-progress-in-stability\/\" target=\"_blank\">Seeking Progress in Stability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seeking Truth From Facts&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emblazoned as the motto of the Central Party School and the namesake of China\u2019s top theoretical journal, \u201cseeking truth from facts\u201d (\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f) is one of the party\u2019s most important guiding theoretical principles and has been referred to within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as the \u201cmagic weapon\u201d \uff08\u6cd5\u5b9d\uff09behind China\u2019s successful revolution, construction, and reform. In a nutshell, it is the combination of theory and practice as a pragmatic method of decision-making.  &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seeking-truth-from-facts\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seeking-truth-from-facts\/\" target=\"_blank\">Seeking Truth From Facts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-Revolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cSelf-revolution\u201d refers to a process by which the Chinese Communist Party under Xi Jinping proposes to remain \u201cpure\u201d by rooting out corrupt and ineffectual cadres from their own ranks. Posited as Xi Jinping\u2019s answer to the historical problem of dynastic rise and fall, it promises to confer the Party with an indefinite mandate to rule, or continued political legitimacy \u2014 all without having to stand up to external supervision or seek popular support through competitive elections.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/self-revolution\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/self-revolution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Self-Revolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Bottom Lines&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;An important milestone in the PRC government&#039;s restriction of political speech on Tencent&#039;s WeChat (\u5fae\u4fe1) and other social media platforms, the \u201cSeven Bottom Lines\u201d mandates the political allegiance of all users, stating that anyone posting publicly on these platforms must ensure their posts &quot;forge an online patriotic culture, with the soul of online culture resting on the national interest&quot; \u2014 and must &quot;eat and live socialism.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seven-bottom-lines\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/seven-bottom-lines\/\" target=\"_blank\">Seven Bottom Lines<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Six Adheres&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced in its current form in Xi Jinping\u2019s political report to the 20th National Congress of the CCP in October 2022, the phrase describes the core concepts meant to guide the worldview and methods of the Chinese Communist Party under the overarching governing concept of \u201cXi Jinping Thought.\u201d However, three other distinct sets of \u201cSix Adheres\u201d have been defined within CCP discourse in the past \u2014 all but one articulated during Xi\u2019s rule \u2014 showing how specialized vocabularies can be deconstructed and reinterpreted over time by the CCP, as the leadership and its priorities change.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/six-adheres\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/six-adheres\/\" target=\"_blank\">Six Adheres<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Smart Governance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cSmart governance,\u201d or &lt;i&gt;zhizhi&lt;\/i&gt; (\u667a\u6cbb), encompasses many of the new approaches to social and political control in China in the Xi Jinping era that leverage the use of surveillance technology and big data. The idea encompasses the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s conviction that by relying on new technologies, it can effectively and efficiently identify risks and warning signs at the local level, applying timely responses for political and social risk management. The concept is closely tied to the notion of \u201csmart cities\u201d in China as well as so-called \u201cgridded management\u201d (\u7f51\u683c\u5316\u7ba1\u7406).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/smart-governance\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/smart-governance\/\" target=\"_blank\">Smart Governance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sneaky Visit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Used by China\u2019s government since the early 2000s, the term \u201csneaky visit\u201d is a metaphorically packed phrase meant to signal official displeasure over diplomatic or interpersonal exchanges internationally that involve foreign politicians or diplomats meeting with citizens, dissidents, or representatives from Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan and Hong Kong \u2014 regions regarded as urgent matters of China\u2019s sovereignty and territorial integrity. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/sneaky-visit\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/sneaky-visit\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sneaky Visit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;So-Called&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regularly in circulation since the beginning of the 20th century, this simple modifier is a rhetorical tactic frequently used by state media and the party-state in China to belittle ideas, concepts, or assertions that are at odds with the ideological values or positions of the Chinese Communist Party. At a time of heated relations with the West, its use in political speech in the 21st century seems to be on the rise.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/so-called\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/so-called\/\" target=\"_blank\">So-Called<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Socialite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once signifying graceful women of a distinguished background, the term \u201csocialite,\u201d or yuan (\u5a9b), has in recent years become a misogynistic umbrella term used on digital platforms in China to disparage women who advertise fancy lifestyles. The term has also been used by state-run media to roundly criticize perceived materialistic excesses, reinforcing their unfair association with femininity. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/socialite\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/socialite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Socialite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soft Resistance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rude cabin crew, over-exuberant Songkran celebrations, and withdrawing from an opt-in organ donation scheme... What do all these things have in common? According to Hong Kong authorities, they&#039;re all forms of &quot;soft resistance&quot; \u2014 a term that has increasingly been used to finger-point more indirect attempts to express dissatisfaction with the government.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soft-resistance\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soft-resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\">Soft Resistance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul and Root&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once shorthand for Chinese history and heritage, \u201csoul and root\u201d has more recently taken on a new meaning tied to Xi Jinping\u2019s push to merge Marxism with traditional culture, both of which have been assigned a place in the pantheon as the \u201csoul\u201d and \u201croot\u201d of the nation, respectively.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soul-and-root\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soul-and-root\/\" target=\"_blank\">Soul and Root<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soundless Saturation \/ Quietly Nourishing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;An idiom inspired by a classic Tang Dynasty poem is now a modifier commonly used in the official political speech of the CCP to refer to the need to innovate the party&#039;s communication of its political and social agendas \u2014 ultimately making them more palatable, and more easily accepted.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soundless-saturation-quietly-nourishing\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/soundless-saturation-quietly-nourishing\/\" target=\"_blank\">Soundless Saturation \/ Quietly Nourishing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sovereignty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concept of state sovereignty can be defined as the exclusive right of states to govern within their own territory. In China, sovereignty should be understood as absolute and perpetual state power, where the state is governed by the Chinese Communist Party. Moreover, it is intimately linked to China\u2019s emphasis on mutual non-interference in domestic affairs, as outlined in the (1954) Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. China sees itself as a principled defender of a strong norm of sovereignty and includes state sovereignty as one of its non-negotiable \u201cnational core interests,\u201d of which the overarching interest is the Communist Party\u2019s continued monopoly on power. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/sovereignty\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/sovereignty\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sovereignty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Speaking Politics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;While it may sound like a simple reference to the discussion of political topics, \u201cspeaking politics\u201d in a contemporary context refers to the need, emphasized by top Chinese Communist Party officials, to abide the policies and directive of the CCP unquestioningly, always bearing the Party\u2019s prerogatives in mind and acting accordingly. In a speech in December 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping summed up \u201cspeaking politics\u201d as \u201cconsidering and handling issues from the standpoint of politics.\u201d Those, of course, are the CCP\u2019s politics, and Xi also said that \u201cspeaking politics with a clear banner is both a distinctive feature of Marxist parties and a consistent political advantage of our Party.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/speaking-politics\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/speaking-politics\/\" target=\"_blank\">Speaking Politics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Streamlining Services&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First introduced by Premier Li Keqiang (\u674e\u514b\u5f3a) in 2015 during a nationwide government teleconference, \u201cstreamlining services,\u201d or fang guan fu (\u653e\u7ba1\u670d), essentially refers to optimizing government services to cut down on red tape and documentation and thereby reduce the financial burden of compliance on enterprises. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/streamlining-services\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/streamlining-services\/\" target=\"_blank\">Streamlining Services<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Strong Cyber Power&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The notion of China striving to become a \u201cstrong cyber power\u201d or \u201cstrong internet power\u201d (\u7f51\u7edc\u5f3a\u56fd) dates back to the first meeting, in February 2014, of the powerful Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization, formerly the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission. It is essentially the idea that the country must prioritize three aspects of internet development, including basic infrastructure, cyber industry development and online information security (\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168) in order to achieve self-reliance and ultimately national security. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/strong-cyber-power\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/strong-cyber-power\/\" target=\"_blank\">Strong Cyber Power<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-t mix\" data-filter-base=\"t\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">T<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Telling China&#8217;s Story Well&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;telling China&#039;s story well&quot; ((\u8bb2\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6545\u4e8b)), introduced by Xi Jinping within the first year of his administration, in August 2013, encapsulates the notion that Party-state media and even quasi-private actors must work internationally to strengthen and innovate external propaganda, thereby enhancing China&#039;s &quot;international discourse power&quot; (\u56fd\u9645\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743) as a key aspect of its &quot;comprehensive national power&quot; (\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u529b). &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/telling-chinas-story-well\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/telling-chinas-story-well\/\" target=\"_blank\">Telling China&#8217;s Story Well<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ten Definites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The \u201cTen Definites\u201d is a political catchphrase that encompasses a range of key points of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) doctrine and governance priorities in the Xi Jinping Era, defining the key terms and goals of the ruling ideology of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era. Previously comprising just \u201cEight Definites\u201d introduced in 2017, the phrase serves both as a summary of priorities and an affirmation of the leadership role of Xi Jinping as the CCP\u2019s \u201ccore,\u201d under his banner phrase \u201cXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era,\u201d also introduced in 2017. Generally leading the list of definites is the basic assertion, admitting no question, that the leadership of the CCP is the core character of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/ten-definites\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/ten-definites\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ten Definites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Feminist Five&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This term refers to five Chinese women activists detained without charges in March 2015 for planning anti-sexual harassment activities on International Women&#039;s Day. Their arrest marked a turning point in China&#039;s feminist movement, signaling the government&#039;s hardening stance against peaceful gender equality activism.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-feminist-five\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-feminist-five\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Feminist Five<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The People&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the political language of the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC), \u201cthe people\u201d (\u4eba\u6c11) is a precise political formulation. In many cases, it does not refer generally to the entirety of the population but rather to a particular set of the population seen by the leadership to be politically in line with its goals.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-people\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/the-people\/\" target=\"_blank\">The People<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Three Closenesses&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Hu Jintao era from 2003 to 2012, the &quot;Three Closenesses&quot; was a catchphrase meant to encompass both the CCP notion of the imperative of media control, and at the same time the need to commercialize the media and make media products broadly more attractive to ever more savvy audiences.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-closenesses\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-closenesses\/\" target=\"_blank\">Three Closenesses<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Three Imperatives&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduced in Xi Jinping\u2019s political report to the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party on October 16, 2022, the \u201cthree imperatives\u201d define the desired character and attitude of the CCP member and officials in the so-called New Era \u2014 essentially the need to be ideologically on task, hard-working and service-minded, and able to forge ahead despite challenges.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-imperatives\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-imperatives\/\" target=\"_blank\">Three Imperatives<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Three Supremes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Three Supremes,&quot; first introduced by Chinese President Hu Jintao (\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b) during a 2007 session on national politics and law attended by senior judges and prosecutors, represented a significant change -- and many at the time said, a clear step backward -- in China&#039;s judicial policies. The buzzword, which was actively implemented as policy in 2008 as Wang Shengjun (\u738b\u80dc\u4fca) became head of the Supreme People&#039;s Court of the People&#039;s Republic of China, essentially meant that legal cases must be considered in light of the basic tasks and development priorities defined by the party and government in China. The &quot;Three Supremes&quot; are: 1. &quot;Supremacy of the business of the CCP&quot; (\u515a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u81f3\u4e0a); 2. &quot;Supremacy of the interests of the people&quot; (\u4eba\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u81f3\u4e0a); 3. &quot;Supremacy of constitutional law&quot; (\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u81f3\u4e0a).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-supremes\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/three-supremes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Three Supremes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tranny&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A slur for transgender women still used in China\u2019s state-run media, and rarely elsewhere in Asia, renyao is often translated as \u201ctranny\u201d or \u201cladyboy.\u201d In Chinese, the pejorative sense is even clearer \u2014 literally meaning \u201chuman monster.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/tranny\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/tranny\/\" target=\"_blank\">Tranny<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transparency&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Chinese leadership sees transparency as important to promote state legitimacy. But it treats it as a matter of discipline and top-down supervision, rather than as a question of press freedom and citizen participation. The right to \u201copen government information\u201d (\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u606f\u516c\u5f00) is recognised in law, but may not infringe upon the interests of the Party State. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/transparency\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/transparency\/\" target=\"_blank\">Transparency<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Two Combines&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Four and a half decades after Deng Xiaoping called for Marxism to adapt to China&#039;s &quot;material conditions,&quot; Xi has added that it must also match &quot;China&#039;s outstanding traditional culture.&quot; But the &quot;Two Combines,&quot; as this formula has been christened, is aimed squarely at legitimizing and justifying his own uncontested power.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-combines\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-combines\/\" target=\"_blank\">Two Combines<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Two Creates&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Originally introduced by Xi Jinping in 2014, the \u201cTwo Creates\u201d are shorthand for \u201ccreative transformation and innovative development,\u201d which the leadership has applied more regularly since 2018 to identify what it says is a unique legacy of development in China that is carried on by the Chinese Communist Party. According to this new orthodox view of history, the &quot;Two Creates&quot; have allowed traditional Chinese culture to endure for thousands of years, and to remain relevant today, through ceaseless adaptation and reinvention. But it is also an argument to aid Xi\u2019s long-term goal of combining traditional Chinese culture with Marxism.   &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-creates\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-creates\/\" target=\"_blank\">Two Creates<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Two Establishes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;First emerging in the wake of the six plenary session of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, held in November 2021, this new four-character phrase essentially 1) establishes Xi Jinping as the unquestionable \u201ccore\u201d leader of the CCP, and 2) establishes Xi Jinping\u2019s ideas as the bedrock of the future under what the CCP has termed the \u201cNew Era,\u201d a CCP historiography that envisions China as being in the midst of a grand new period of development marking its restoration as a full global power. At base the phrase is a claim to the legitimacy of Xi Jinping\u2019s rule, and a challenge to any who might oppose him.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-establishes\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-establishes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Two Establishes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Two Newspapers and One Journal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inseparable from China\u2019s newspaper culture before reform and opening, this phrase refers to the three most influential publications in China during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) \u2014 the People\u2019s Daily, People\u2019s Liberation Army Daily and Red Flag. These three publications were employed with great uniformity to deliver the latest ideological messages from Chairman Mao Zedong (\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c). In the reform era that followed from 1978, the term became synonymous too with the destructive role of a centrally controlled press in amplifying the excesses of over-concentration of power. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-newspapers-and-one-journal\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/two-newspapers-and-one-journal\/\" target=\"_blank\">Two Newspapers and One Journal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-u mix\" data-filter-base=\"u\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">U<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;US-West&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A portmanteau of the Chinese words for the United States (\u7f8e\u570b) and the Western world (\u897f\u65b9), \u201cUS-West\u201d (\u7f8e\u897f\u65b9) is a new and subtly derogatory way to refer to the US and its allies. It implies that Washington\u2019s allies lack agency and blindly follow their lead \u2014 not due to shared interests or values, but simply out of fear of antagonizing the US.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/us-west\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/us-west\/\" target=\"_blank\">US-West<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-w mix\" data-filter-base=\"w\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">W<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Whole-Process Democracy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201cWhole-process people\u2019s democracy,\u201d or quanguocheng minzhu (\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6c11\u4e3b), sometimes also referred to as simply \u201cwhole-process democracy,\u201d is a term first raised by president Xi in 2019 during a consultation session on a draft law at the Gubei Civic Center in Shanghai&#039;s Changning District. \u201cWe are following a path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics,\u201d Xi said during the meeting, \u201cand the people\u2019s democracy in China is a kind of whole-process democracy.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/whole-process-democracy\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/whole-process-democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Whole-Process Democracy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Women&#8217;s Fist-ism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Women&#039;s Fist-ism&quot; (\u5973\u62f3) is a derogatory Chinese internet term that weaponizes wordplay\u2014replacing &quot;rights&quot; (\u6743) with &quot;fist&quot; (\u62f3) in &quot;feminism&quot;\u2014to portray women&#039;s rights advocates as aggressive man-haters rather than equality seekers. Widely adopted in state media since 2021, it serves to delegitimize feminist discourse.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/womens-fist-ism\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/womens-fist-ism\/\" target=\"_blank\">Women&#8217;s Fist-ism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Written Comments&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A unique feature of China\u2019s authoritarian regime, \u201cwritten comments,\u201d or pishi (\u6279\u793a), which can also be translated \u201cwritten instructions\u201d or \u201cwritten directives,\u201d are a process by which a leader in the Chinese Communist Party or the government offers formal written comment directly on a document or report issued by subordinates through internal channels. The comments offered by the superior will generally express that leader\u2019s \u201cattitude,\u201d or taidu (\u6001\u5ea6) toward a particular matter, give approval for a policy or course of action, and also offer specific instructions as to how to handle it as well as which officials or offices should handle it. One a \u201cwritten comment\u201d is made, the related matter is prioritized. &lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/written-comment\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/written-comment\/\" target=\"_blank\">Written Comments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-x mix\" data-filter-base=\"x\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">X<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formally introduced into the CCP lexicon at the 19th National Congress in October 2017, this verbose phrase is meant to be the distillation and assertion of Xi Jinping\u2019s legacy and position as the Party\u2019s top leader \u2013 what is often in Chinese called the leader\u2019s \u201cbanner term,\u201d or &lt;i&gt;qizhiyu&lt;\/i&gt; (\u65d7\u5e1c\u8bed). The inclusion of the phrase in the amended CCP Charter at the congress marked Xi\u2019s rise to a level of personal power not seen since his predecessors Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong, both of whom also had their names included in their banner terms. But Xi\u2019s ultimate goal is a shortened form of this phrase truly putting him on a rhetorical par with Mao: \u201cXi Jinping Thought.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/xi-jinping-thought-on-socialism-with-chinese-characteristics-for-a-new-era\/&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/the_ccp_dictionary\/xi-jinping-thought-on-socialism-with-chinese-characteristics-for-a-new-era\/\" target=\"_blank\">Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpg-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<hr>\n<h1>Selected by the CMP<\/h1>\n<hr>\n<h2>Interviews<\/h2>\n<div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 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