{"id":49889,"date":"2021-12-20T07:48:32","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T06:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/?p=49889"},"modified":"2021-12-20T08:57:29","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T07:57:29","slug":"a-short-take-on-chinas-short-video-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2021\/12\/20\/a-short-take-on-chinas-short-video-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Short Take on China\u2019s Short Video Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On December 15, the China Netcasting Services Association (CNSA<\/a>) released an updated version<\/a> of its 2019 list of content restrictions for short video platforms. The purpose of the release, a notice from the CNSA said, was to “improve the quality of short video content, and to curb the spread of false and harmful content to create a clear cyberspace.” While ostensibly an industry association comprising tech companies and radio broadcasters, both private and state-operated, the CNSA is also directly involved in the control of so-called \u201charmful content,\u201d its charter<\/a> committing it to such goals as \u201cupholding socialist core values.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most recent<\/a> rules elaborate and adjust the restrictions put in place on short video platforms back in 2019, and define \u201charmful content\u201d across 21 categories, from content that is \u201charmful to the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics\u201d (1), promotes separatism (2), or is \u201charmful to the national image\u201d (3), to the broad dragnet of “other content in violation of relevant state regulations and\/or ethical norms\u201d (21). \u00a0Other prohibited categories include content that “damages the image of revolutionary leaders, heroes and martyrs” (4), which accords with legislation passed in 2018<\/a> that made defamation of CCP heroes and martyrs illegal, and content that “damages social stability” (6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The stipulations in Section One of the CNSA rules, concerning threats to the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, are a clear example of the breadth of the rules, which cover not just various forms of content deemed to \u201cattack\u201d (\u653b\u51fb), \u201cdeny\u201d (\u5426\u5b9a), \u201cdamage\u201d (\u635f\u5bb3) or \u201ccontradict\u201d (\u8fdd\u80cc) the nature or authority of the country\u2019s governing system, but also content that is “teasing” (\u8c03\u4f83), “sarcastic” (\u8bbd\u523a),  “oppositional” (\u53cd\u5bf9) or “contemptuous” (\u8511\u89c6) about the system, its laws and regulations, its policies, or about Marxism.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no room for latitude or a sense of humor in the CNSA rules. Too much, after all, is at stake \u2013 not least the position of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its top leader, Xi Jinping. The third line of Section One explicitly forbids \u201cattacking, denying or weakening the core of the CCP\u2019s Central Committee, and the core status of the whole Party.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The prohibitions in the rules are to be applied in all aspects of short video production and distribution, including titles, captions and subtitles, comments and bullet comments, pop-ups, emoticons, images, music, sound effects and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is new about this round of rules?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

One conspicuous addition is a stipulation that forbids content that goes against the recently released<\/a> Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party Over the Past Century<\/em> (\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u515a\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u594b\u6597\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u51b3\u8bae), an outcome from the Sixth Plenum that reaffirmed the power of Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another of the 2021 additions, helpfully summarized by China Law Translate<\/a>, is a prohibition in Section One of \u201cteasing, sarcasm, opposition or contempt of the latest theoretical achievements in the Sinicization of Marxism.\u201d This, once again, is less about Marxism than about Xi Jinping\u2019s claim over the revolutionizing of Marxism in the 21st<\/sup> century as a keystone in the foundation of his power and legacy. More analysis on this topic can be found in CMP\u2019s June 2020 analysis, \u201cClaiming 21st<\/sup> Century Marxism<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also added in the fourth line of Section One is an explicit statement about content that \u201cengages in historical nihilism\u201d (\u641e\u5386\u53f2\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49), departing from the \u201cstate of the world, the state of the country and the state of the Party\u201d \u2013 essentially a prohibition against any views<\/a> or interpretations of history that the CCP deems to be incorrect. Language from the CCP opposing so-called \u201chistorical nihilism\u201d has been on the rise this year, particularly ahead of the 100th<\/sup> anniversary<\/a> of the CCP on July 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Section Fourteen of the rules includes a new prohibition that also relates to more recent trends in online censorship and regulation. This is a line that prohibits the \u201cdisplaying the chaos of \u2018fandoms\u2019 and unfavorable fan culture, advocating hype and traffic flow as a top priority, or aberrant aesthetics, fanaticism or fan irrationality.” These additions accord with the recent crackdown, since August, on so-called \u201cfandom culture\u201d (\u996d\u5708\u6587\u5316), which CMP has written about in \u201cFandoms in the Crosshairs<\/a>,\u201d and in \u201cCracking Down on Fandoms<\/a>.\u201d Readers may also be interested in our interview on the subject of fandom culture<\/a> with Yin Yiyi, a professor at Beijing Normal University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Immediately below the ban on promotion of \u201cfandoms\u201d in the rules is language prohibiting so-called \u201cSang culture\u201d (\u4e27\u6587\u5316), which refers to the expression of feelings of defeatism and loss, as was epitomized earlier this year in the prevalence of the term tangping<\/em><\/a> (\u8eba\u5e73), or \u201clying flat,\u201d which encouraged young people in China, exhausted by a culture of consumerism and overwork, to simply opt for lives of slackish resignation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suppressing Dissent<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Commenting on the rules as they were released through the official account of the NRTA on Weibo,  \u201cShi Ting China\u201d (\u89c6\u542c\u4e2d\u56fd)<\/a>, some internet users expressed their concerns and skepticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWho is the subject of these rules? What is their scope? How is monitoring done? How do you appeal?\u201d one user asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhenever I see this word \u2018association\u2019 anymore,\u201d another user wrote, using a popular idiom for a con job, \u201cI think they are hanging a goat\u2019s head and selling dog meat.\u201d This, presumably, was a reference to the way an association of industry players was serving a rather explicit regulatory role. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div>
Comments posted by readers under a notice from the CNSA on updated short video rules. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Another user wrote: \u201cDetailed as these rules seem, I hope the country understands that in the implementation at the platform level all of these concrete rules will be twisted if there isn\u2019t proper oversight, so that they will boil down to two words \u2013 ‘suppressing dissent’.\u201d \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An updated list of content restrictions for short video platforms, released last week by the China Netcasting Services Association (CNSA), adds a few familiar new political priorities to the old 2019 list — including respect for the CCP’s new resolution on history and Xi Jinping’s claim on the soul of 21st century Marxism. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":49890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tracking-control"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nShort Take on China\u2019s Short Video Rules - China Media Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2021\/12\/20\/a-short-take-on-chinas-short-video-rules\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Short Take on China\u2019s Short Video Rules - 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