{"id":49289,"date":"2021-11-08T01:49:35","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T00:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/?p=49289"},"modified":"2021-11-08T02:27:55","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T01:27:55","slug":"deciding-history-sealing-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2021\/11\/08\/deciding-history-sealing-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Deciding History, Sealing the Future"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This week\u2019s Sixth Plenum will be historic. Which is to say not<\/em> that it comes at a historic juncture, or that it is momentous of its own nature, but rather that the event will re-mold and re-shape China\u2019s understanding and consensus on history as a reflection of the party\u2019s dominant priorities. Those priorities can ultimately be summarized in a single name: Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sixth Plenum will bring a tempest of political discourse in the form of a document called Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Major Achievements and Historical Experiences of the Party’s Hundred-Year Struggle<\/em> (\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u515a\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u594b\u6597\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u51b3\u8bae), to be “examined and approved,” or shenyi<\/em> (\u5ba1\u8bae), during this week\u2019s session. But the essential function of all of this verbiage, make no mistake, will center on the person and power of Xi Jinping, defining his leadership as the way forward, on the basis of an understanding of history that defines his core agenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back on October 18, at a meeting of the CCP Politburo, the country\u2019s top leaders discussed, according to<\/a> the official People\u2019s Daily<\/em>, “the documents to be submitted for examination and approval by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee.” It was at this point that the full name of the upcoming \u201cResolution\u201d was publicly revealed. That report said that all those present at the meeting “fully affirmed the draft resolution, and were unanimously in favor of the framework structure and main content of the draft resolution, holding that the draft resolution was factual, showed respect for history, was thematically clear and comprehensive in its summary.\u201d So the \u201cResolution\u201d was by that point a fait accompli — and the plenum’s process of shenyi<\/em> is a meaningless gesture, a mere affirmation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There will be nothing to examine or approve this week. The \u201cResolution\u201d will be unveiled in full to the world, so that we can all pick apart its finer points \u2013 beyond, that is, Xi Jinping\u2019s blunt claim to power. But we can prepare for the release of the \u201cResolution\u201d with a bit of historical context. What do such resolutions mean? And why should we care about them at all?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First of all, this week\u2019s \u201cResolution\u201d will be the third such resolution on history since the founding of the CCP. This resolution, however, will be different in the sense that it is not a resolution on historical \u201cproblems\u201d or \u201cquestions,\u201d or wenti<\/em> (\u95ee\u9898). Instead, it centers on \u201cmajor achievements\u201d (\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31) and \u201chistorical experience\u201d (\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c), as the title of the document clearly indicates. As such, we can say that this week\u2019s resolution is not a third CCP resolution on \u201chistorical questions.\u201d It is not meant to be, as the previous resolutions were, a corrective to certain \u201cerrors\u201d within the CCP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first history-related resolution within the CCP was the 1945 Resolution on Certain Historical Issues<\/em> (\u5173\u4e8e\u82e5\u5e72\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u8bae), which unfolded against the backdrop of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Yan\u2019an Rectification Movement<\/a>, the first ideological mass movement within the Party, which began in 1941. By March 1943, Mao had gained real supremacy over the Party, and had proceeded to carry out a purge of elements within the Party opposed to his rule. The first resolution was meant to summarize the lessons of the political movement under the CCP since its founding, focusing on the period from the 4th Plenum of the 6th Central Committee (January 1931) and the supposed damage brought about by \u201cleft-leaning opportunism\u201d (\u5de6\u503e\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second resolution, the so-called Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a><\/em> (\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u515a\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u8bae<\/a>), was introduced in 1981 as a corrective to the \u201cquestions\u201d raised by the Cultural Revolution. This resolution began:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Communist Party of China has traversed sixty years of glorious struggle since its founding in 1921. In order to sum up its experience in the thirty-two years since the founding of the People\u2019s Republic, we must briefly review the previous twenty-eight years in which the Party led the people in waging the revolutionary struggle for New Democracy.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The document focused on \u201cLeft errors\u201d in the principles governing economic and political work, on the \u201cconfusing of right and wrong,\u201d which resulted in extensive suffering that the resolution acknowledged, with grudging admission of Mao\u2019s culpability, without undermining his revolutionary role. \u201cChief responsibility for the grave \u2018Left\u2019 error of the \u2018cultural revolution,\u2019 an error comprehensive in magnitude and protracted in duration, does indeed lie with Comrade Mao Zedong,\u201d said the document. \u201cBut after all it was the error of a great proletarian revolutionary.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By contrast with these previous two resolutions, the \u201cResolution\u201d introduced this week will be far more expansive in time frame. While the first resolution covered a period of around 14 years, and the second covered \u201cthirty-two years since the founding\u201d of the PRC, Xi Jinping\u2019s \u201cResolution\u201d will cover the period from the CCP\u2019s founding a hundred years ago up through the present day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The effect of this expansive history will be to focus the CCP\u2019s experiences, achievements and historical legitimacy in the present-day glories of Xi himself. As such, all previous top leaders, including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, will be phantoms (\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u7684, as one knowledgeable observer explained), and Xi Jinping\u2019s achievements and experiences will become the overriding facts of Chinese politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There will be much language to unpack and debate this week, naturally. But the simplest conclusion to be drawn from this moment of historical and discursive significance can be summed up in just two Chinese characters: \u8fde\u4efb. Xi Jinping will seek a third term in power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOTE:<\/strong> Those wishing today to unpack the significance of the Plenum from the CCP’s own perspective, might begin with this summary<\/a>, posted yesterday by the app of the official People’s Daily<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

People’s Daily (app) Graphic Summary of 6th Plenum<\/a>Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

At the 6th Plenum, opening today in Beijing, the Chinese Communist Party will pass its third resolution on history. 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