{"id":46500,"date":"2020-11-02T20:04:48","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T12:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/?p=46500"},"modified":"2021-05-07T20:35:39","modified_gmt":"2021-05-07T18:35:39","slug":"a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/","title":{"rendered":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the bulletin emerging last week from the Fifth Plenum of the 19th<\/sup> Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Xi Jinping was praised as the \u201cpilot at the helm,\u201d or l\u01d0ngh\u00e1ng zh\u01cengdu\u00f2<\/em> (\u9886\u822a\u638c\u8235), a reference with strong echoes of China\u2019s Maoist past. The relevant text in the bulletin<\/a> read: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith Comrade Xi Jinping as the core\nof the Central Committee of the CCP, and the pilot at the helm at the core<\/strong>,\nwith the whole Party and full unity of people of all ethnic groups in the country,\ntenaciously struggling, we will surely be able to overcome the various\ndifficulties and obstacles that appear on the road forward, and we will surely\nbe able to energetically advance the forward progress of socialism with Chinese\ncharacteristics in the new era.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The invocation of Mao-like status, even if oblique, was unmistakable, and it was noted in coverage<\/a> outside China. In recent days, the “pilot at the helm” phrase has popped up<\/a> repeatedly in the official media and on official government websites<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among his several laudatory sobriquets, Mao Zedong was referred to as the \u201cgreat helmsman,\u201d or w\u011bid\u00e0 de du\u00f2sh\u01d2u<\/em> (\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8235\u624b). But Mao Zedong was not in fact the first leader in China to be honored in this way, with terms like \u201chelm master\u201d (\u8235\u5e08) or \u201chelmsman\u201d (\u8235\u624b). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div>
A poster from the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) reads: \u201cOur . . . Great Guide, Great Leader, Great Commander, Great Helmsman . . . Long Live Mao Zedong!\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The image below is an official commentary from the May 18, 1945, edition\nof the Central Daily News<\/em>, the flagship propaganda organ of the Kuomintang,\nor the Nationalist Party of China. The headline reads: \u201cThe Helms Master of China\u2019s\nNew Era\u201d (\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8235\u5e08). This refers, naturally, not to Xi Jinping\n\u2013 the helmsman of China\u2019s 21st<\/sup> century \u201cnew era\u201d \u2013 but rather to Chiang\nKai-shek (\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3), the Republic\nof China\u2019s top leader, and Mao\u2019s bitterest enemy<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u6587\u672c\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\"<\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The term used here for Chiang Kai-shek is \u201chelms\nmaster,\u201d or duoshi<\/em> (\u8235\u5e08). But the nearly identical honorific \u201chelmsman,\u201d or duoshou<\/em> (\u8235\u624b), so closely\nassociated now with Mao Zedong, was also used for Chiang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image below is from a magazine cover in 1941,\nthe same year the Allies declared war on Japan. The text directly below the\nillustration, which shows Chiang literally at the helm of a ship (something\nrarely seen), reads: \u201cOur Great Helmsman\u201d (\u6211\u4eec\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8235\u624b). The language here,\nas we can note from the propaganda image from the Cultural Revolution further\nabove, is already identical to that eventually used for Mao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u56fe\u7247\u5305\u542b<\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the late 1940s, as the Chinese Communist Party\nemerged victorious over the forces of the Kuomintang, there was a popular song\npraising the CCP that was called, \u201cYou Are The Beacon\u201d (\u4f60\u662f\u706f\u5854<\/a>). The lyrics went: \u201cYou\nare the beacon, shining on the ocean before dawn. You are the helmsman,\npiloting us forward.\u201d These words, which of course refer to Mao Zedong, are\nsome of the earliest to use helmsman in reference to China\u2019s revolutionary\nleader. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Mao was not in fact the only helmsman at that\ntime. If we search the archives of the People\u2019s Daily<\/em>, which was\nlaunched in 1946, we find that \u201chelmsman\u201d appeared quite early. Lenin was\nreferred to as the helmsman. Stalin too was the helmsman. And Mao was the\nhelmsman. In all instances they were referred to as the duoshou<\/em> (\u8235\u624b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the eve of the founding of the People\u2019s Republic\nof China, we can find reference to Mao as both the \u201cgreat leader\u201d (\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9886\u8896) and the \u201chelmsman,\u201d\nas in one article appearing in the People\u2019s Daily<\/em> on September 26, 1949:\n\u201cGreat leader, guide, and helmsman, Comrade Mao Zedong! When we say your name,\nwe feel glory and pride, and we find courage and strength.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just days later, however, the honorific \u201chelmsman\u201d\nis used in the paper to refer not just to Mao but to the Party\u2019s senior\nleadership group. The news item, dispatched from Nanjing by Xinhua News Agency,\nread: \u201cNanjing, once the center of the Kuomintang\u2019s reactionary rule, rejoiced\nlast night and unanimously supported the helmsmen of the people \u2013 the elected Mao\nZedong, chairman of the Central People\u2019s Government of the People\u2019s Republic of\nChina, Vice-Chairman Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Song Qingling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan,\nand Gao Gang.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several months later, on February 21, 1950, the People\u2019s Daily<\/em> published a verse by the poet Tian Jian (\u7530\u95f4) that praised both Stalin and Mao. Written in a time of deep friendship between the CCP and the Soviet Union, the poem was called: \u201cTwo Good Helmsmen, in the Same Boat\u201d (\u4e24\u4f4d\u597d\u8235\u624b\uff0c\u540c\u5fa1\u4e00\u6761\u8239).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By the beginning of 1956, the Sino-Soviet friendship\nhad turned cold, as Mao bitterly opposed the de-Stalinization\nof the USSR<\/a>. At the 8th<\/sup> National Congress of the CCP, held in\nSeptember that year, Liu Shaoqi praised Mao Zedong, saying that he had \u201cserved\nan important role as the great helmsman in our revolutionary cause.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten years later, at the outset of the Cultural Revolution,\nthe term \u201cgreat helmsman\u201d became inseparable from the figure of Mao Zedong, beginning\nwith the Eleventh Plenum of the 8th Central Committee. It was at this meeting\nthat Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping were sidelined, criticized as the \u201cbourgeois\nheadquarters\u201d within the Central Committee. The Cultural Revolution from this\npoint went into full swing, accompanied by the revolutionary song, \u201c\u201cSailing\nthe Seas Depends on the Helmsman\u201d (\u5927\u6d77\u822a\u884c\u9760\u8235\u624b), written by Wang Shuangyin in 1964.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Below is the front page of the August 15, 1966,\nedition of the People\u2019s Daily<\/em>. The lead commentary under the image of Mao\nZedong bears the title of Wang Shuangyin\u2019s anthem: \u201cSailing the Seas Depends on\nthe Helmsman.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\"<\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGreat helmsman\u201d became one of the \u201cFour Greats,\u201d the\nstandard set of honorifics for Chairman Mao: \u201cGreat Guide, Great Leader, Great\nCommander, Great Helmsman.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For many, many years after Mao Zedong\u2019s death in September 1976, no Chinese leader claimed the helmsman honorific for himself. In fact, there was just one instance of the word\u2019s use for a senior leader, and this came after Deng Xiaoping\u2019s death in February 1997. A report about Deng\u2019s sea burial<\/a> mentioned that in \u201cthe Spring of 1992, Deng Xiaoping again came to the seaside, and like a helmsman<\/strong>, again pointed the direction of the voyage for China\u2019s reform and opening and modernization.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiang Zemin never sought the honorific for himself.\nNor did Hu Jintao. Both governed in times of growing collective leadership, during which<\/a> \u201cthe legitimacy of the\ngeneral secretary has progressively become based more on rational authority\nthan charismatic authority.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The equations have changed in Xi Jinping\u2019s \u201cnew era.\u201d\nIn November 2016, at the\nSixth Plenum<\/a> of the 18th<\/sup> Central Committee, Xi was first honored\nas the \u201ccore\u201d (\u6838\u5fc3) of the CCP. In\nJanuary of the next year, months ahead of the formal\nremoval of presidential term limits<\/a> at the NPC, the People\u2019s Daily<\/em> ran a\npiece called<\/a>, \u201cThe Choice of History, the Expectations of the People: Comments\non National Governance with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core Since the 18th<\/sup>\nNational Congress of the CCP.\u201d The article included this passage: \u201cIn moving\nforward toward our dream, the first priority is the helm<\/strong>; to overcome\ndifficulties, we need more leadership.” And this one: \u201cThis leader, which\nAmerica\u2019s Time <\/em>magazine called \u2018the central figure in China\u2019s new round\nof transformation,\u2019 is like a helmsman<\/strong> who has resolutely declared it is\n\u2018time for reform,\u2019 and is leading this reform in every detail.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was from this point, we can say, that Xi Jinping became China\u2019s new \u201chelms master\u201d (\u8235\u5e08),  \u201chelmsman\u201d (\u8235\u624b) and \u201cpilot at the helm\u201d (\u638c\u8235\u4eba).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xi Jinping has been praised as the \u201cpilot at the helm,\u201d or l\u01d0ngh\u00e1ng zh\u01cengdu\u00f2 (\u9886\u822a\u638c\u8235), a reference with strong echoes of China\u2019s Maoist past. What does this mean? And what does the history of the phrase tell us? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":47463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china-newspeak"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xi Jinping has been praised as the \u201cpilot at the helm,\u201d or l\u01d0ngh\u00e1ng zh\u01cengdu\u00f2 (\u9886\u822a\u638c\u8235), a reference with strong echoes of China\u2019s Maoist past. What does this mean? And what does the history of the phrase tell us?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"China Media Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Qian Gang\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@cnmediaproject\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@cnmediaproject\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Qian Gang\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Qian Gang\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/874aee513b0aaf390a5cb5c2e00eb776\"},\"headline\":\"A Brief History of the Helmsmen\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1254,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"China Newspeak\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/\",\"name\":\"A Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/02\\\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"A Brief History of the Helmsmen\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"China Media Project\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"China Media Project\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/cmp-logo-web-gentle-red.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/cmp-logo-web-gentle-red.png\",\"width\":926,\"height\":159,\"caption\":\"China Media Project\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/cnmediaproject\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/874aee513b0aaf390a5cb5c2e00eb776\",\"name\":\"Qian Gang\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Qian Gang\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinamediaproject.org\\\/author\\\/qian-gang\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project","og_description":"Xi Jinping has been praised as the \u201cpilot at the helm,\u201d or l\u01d0ngh\u00e1ng zh\u01cengdu\u00f2 (\u9886\u822a\u638c\u8235), a reference with strong echoes of China\u2019s Maoist past. What does this mean? And what does the history of the phrase tell us?","og_url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/","og_site_name":"China Media Project","article_published_time":"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Qian Gang","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@cnmediaproject","twitter_site":"@cnmediaproject","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Qian Gang","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/"},"author":{"name":"Qian Gang","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#\/schema\/person\/874aee513b0aaf390a5cb5c2e00eb776"},"headline":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen","datePublished":"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/"},"wordCount":1254,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg","articleSection":["China Newspeak"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/","url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/","name":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen - China Media Project","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg","datePublished":"2020-11-02T12:04:48+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-07T18:35:39+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Mao-Helmsman.jpg","width":1200,"height":800},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2020\/11\/02\/a-brief-history-of-the-helmsman\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"A Brief History of the Helmsmen"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/","name":"China Media Project","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#organization","name":"China Media Project","url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cmp-logo-web-gentle-red.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cmp-logo-web-gentle-red.png","width":926,"height":159,"caption":"China Media Project"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/cnmediaproject"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/#\/schema\/person\/874aee513b0aaf390a5cb5c2e00eb776","name":"Qian Gang","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f5b7e0e1db1a47f99546c6b8c49c4d4447748f0d7c8a00d8be27254c4dd5c70f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Qian Gang"},"url":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/author\/qian-gang\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46500"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47469,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46500\/revisions\/47469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}